暗黑模式在过去几年中最受欢迎,各大操作系统也全部支持了暗黑模式,并在浏览器中提供了查询是否开启暗黑模式的接口。接下来以vue3的element-plus为例,通过切换全局css变量的方式,实现主题换肤与暗黑模式设置。
一、主流换肤实现思路
1. 修改全局CSS变量
- 在全局css文件或 app.vue中定义全局CSS变量
<style> :root{ --background_color:red }</style>
- 其他组件使用全局CSS变量
<style scoped> .test{ background: var(--background_color); }</style>
- 切换主题(修改全局CSS变量)
const changeTheme = () => { document.documentElement.style.setProperty("--background_color","green");}
2. 切换主题CSS文件
- 新建多套主题的css文件,放在assets文件夹的css文件夹中
# assets/css/theme_green.css.bg {background: green;}# assets/css/theme_red.css.bg {background: red;}
- 设置默认主题(初始化样式)
# src/App.vueimport {onMounted} from "vue";onMounted(() => {let link = document.createElement('link');link.type = 'text/css';link.id = "theme";link.rel = 'stylesheet';link.href = 'assets/css/theme_red.css';document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(link);},
- 切换主题
const changeTheme = () => { document.getElementById('theme').href = 'assets/css/theme_green.css'}
3. 使用css预处理器(例如 scss,通过mixin混入器切换)
- 新建一个scss文件,里面配置不同的主题配色方案
$themes: ( light: ( //字体 font_color1: #414141, font_color2: white, //背景 background_color1: #fff, background_color2: #f0f2f5, ), dark: ( //字体 font_color1: #a7a7a7, font_color2: white, //背景 background_color1: #1b2531, background_color2: #283142, ));
- 定义另外一个sass文件,来操作前面的$theme变量(当然两个文件可以合并,分开写是想把配置和操作解耦)
@import "./_themes.scss";//遍历主题map@mixin themeify { @each $theme-name, $theme-map in $themes { //!global 把局部变量强升为全局变量 $theme-map: $theme-map !global; //判断html的data-theme的属性值 #{}是sass的插值表达式 //& sass嵌套里的父容器标识 @content是混合器插槽,像vue的slot [data-theme="#{$theme-name}"] & { @content; } }}//声明一个根据Key获取颜色的function@function themed($key) { @return map-get($theme-map, $key);}//获取背景颜色@mixin background_color($color) { @include themeify { background-color: themed($color)!important; }}//获取字体颜色@mixin font_color($color) { @include themeify { color: themed($color)!important; }}
- 在vue组件中使用,引入对应混入器
<style lang="scss" scoped> @import "@/style/_handle.scss"; .test { @include font_color("font_color1"); @include background_color("background_color1"); }</style>
- 切换主题
const theme = (type) => { window.document.documentElement.setAttribute( "data-theme", type );}
二、项目案例
1. 思路分析
参考element-plus文档https://element-plus.gitee.io/zh-CN/guide/theming.html#%E6%9B%B4%E6%8D%A2%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E8%89%B2,element-plus提供了SCSS变量和CSS变量两种方式实现主题换肤。相比较而言,使用CSS变量实现更加便捷,代码也更易编写。
要想实现暗黑模式和明亮模式切换,首先使用vuex定义全局主题色已经是否开启暗黑模式变量并管理。然后创建一个颜色处理模块以及暗黑模式、主题色处理函数文件。最后根据需求,直接替换颜色即可。
2. 项目目录结构
├── store // vuex文件夹| ├── index.js // vuex入口文件| ├── mutations.js // 更改state中状态的逻辑| └── state.js // 存放状态├── utils| ├── color.js // 定义主题色以及暗黑模式、明亮模式颜色变量| ├── dark.js // 暗黑模式切换处理模块| └── theme.js // 主题色切换模块├── components| └── NavMenu.vue // 自定义组件,用于设置是否切换暗黑模式、主题色等操作├── views| └── Home.vue // 项目Home页
3. vuex配置
- state.js(定义状态变量,存放状态)
const state = { // 是否开启暗黑模式 dark: false, // 默认主题色 theme:'#409eff',}export default state
- mutations.js(定义处理state状态的操作逻辑)
const mutations = { // 是否开启暗黑模式 setDark(state, value) { state.dark = value }, // 设置主题色 setTheme(state, value) { state.theme = value },}export default mutations
- index.js(此处使用vuex-along实现状态持久化管理)
import {createStore} from 'vuex'import mutations from '@/store/mutations'import state from "@/store/state";import createVuexAlong from 'vuex-along'export default createStore({ state, mutations, plugins: [ createVuexAlong({ local: { list: [ ], }, session: { list: ["dark", "theme"], } }) ]})
3. 定义颜色处理模块
- color.js(定义颜色变量值)
// 颜色管理import {ref} from "vue";function color() { // 主题颜色变量组 const themeList = ref([ {name: '拂晓蓝(默认)', value: '#409eff'}, {name: '薄暮红', value: '#e74c3c'}, {name: '火山橘', value: '#e67e22'}, {name: '日暮黄', value: '#f1c40f'}, {name: '极光绿', value: '#16a085'}, {name: '酱紫', value: '#9b59b6'}, ]) // 明亮模式全局颜色 const lightList = ref([ {name: '--el-background-color-base', value: '#f5f7fa'}, {name: '--el-color-white', value: '#ffffff'}, {name: '--el-text-color-primary', value: '#303133'}, {name: '--el-text-color-regular', value: '#606266'}, {name: '--el-color-primary-light-9', value: '#ecf5ff'}, {name: '--el-border-color-base', value: '#dcdfe6'}, {name: '--el-border-color-light', value: '#e4e7ed'}, {name: '--el-border-color-extra-light', value: '#f2f6fc'}, {name: '--el-border-color-lighter', value: '#ebeef5'}, ]) // 暗黑模式全局颜色 const darkList = ref([ {name: '--el-background-color-base', value: '#000000'}, {name: '--el-color-white', value: '#141414'}, {name: '--el-text-color-primary', value: '#ffffff'}, {name: '--el-text-color-regular', value: '#d0d0d0'}, {name: '--el-color-primary-light-9', value: '#1f1f1f'}, {name: '--el-border-color-base', value: '#434343'}, {name: '--el-border-color-light', value: '#434343'}, {name: '--el-border-color-extra-light', value: '#5c5c5c'}, {name: '--el-border-color-lighter', value: '#434343'}, ]) return { darkList, themeList }}export default color
- dark.js(暗黑模式切换模块)
import {computed, onMounted, ref} from "vue";import store from "@/store/index";import color from "@/utils/color"import {useCssVar} from "@vueuse/core";function dark() { let {darkList, lightList} = color() // 当前是否开启暗黑模式 const isDark = computed(() => store.state.dark) // 切换暗黑模式 const setDark = (value) => { store.commit('setDark', value) console.log("执行切换开启暗黑模式事件:", isDark.value) const el = ref(null) if (isDark.value) { console.log("要切换为暗黑模式") darkList.value.forEach((item, index) => { index = useCssVar(item.name, el) index.value = item.value }) } else { console.log("要切换为明亮模式") lightList.value.forEach((item, index) => { index = useCssVar(item.name, el) index.value = item.value }) } } onMounted(() => { // console.log("是否开启暗黑模式:",isDark) setDark(isDark.value) }) return { setDark, }}export default dark
- theme.js(主题色切换模块)
import {computed, onMounted, ref} from "vue";import store from "@/store/index";import {useCssVar} from "@vueuse/core";function theme() { // 当前默认主题色 const themeValue = computed(() => store.state.theme) // 切换主题色 const setTheme = (value) => { store.commit('setTheme', value) console.log("执行切换主题色事件:", themeValue.value) const el = ref(null) const primary_color = useCssVar('--el-color-primary', el) primary_color.value = themeValue.value } onMounted(() => { setTheme(themeValue.value) }) return { setTheme, }}export default theme
4. element-plus组件主题配置
通过浏览器审查元素可知,element plus组件都使用了css全局变量色,切换暗黑主题时,只需要更改全局变量的值即可,切换主题时,更换el-color-primary的值即可。
5. 自定义组件主题配置
为了保持全局样式风格统一,自定义组件设置样式时,使用element-plus定义的全局变量即可。
.test { cursor: pointer; background-color: var(--el-color-primary); transition: all 0.5s;}
6. 组件调用切换主题和深色模式
- n
<template> <transition enter-active-class="animate__animated animate__fadeInDown" leave-active-class="animate__animated animate__fadeOutUp"> <header> <el-drawer title="系统设置" v-model="drawer" :direction="'rtl'" :size="'25%'" :before-close="handleClose" destroy-on-close > <span> <el-divider></el-divider> <div class="display"> <h4>显示模式</h4> <span> <img :class="isDark===true?'':'img-active'" src="~@/assets/images/light.png" alt=""> <img :class="isDark===false?'':'img-active'" src="~@/assets/images/dark.png" alt=""> </span> <el-switch style="display: block" v-model="isDark" active-color="#303133" inactive-color="#f5f7fa" active-text="深色模式" inactive-text="浅色模式" @change="setDarkMode" /> </div> <el-divider></el-divider> <div class="color"> <h4>主题色</h4> <div> <el-tooltip v-for="(item,index) in themeList" :key="index" effect="dark" :content="item.name" placement="top"> <span :style="{backgroundColor:item.value}" :class="(colorValue===item.value?'color-active ':'')" @click="colorChoose(item.value)"></span> </el-tooltip> </div> </div> <el-divider></el-divider> </el-drawer> </header> </transition> <div class="placeholder"></div></template><script setup>import {ElMessageBox, ElMessage} from 'element-plus'import {computed, onMounted, reactive, ref} from "vue";import store from "@/store/index";import dark from "@/utils/dark";import color from "@/utils/color"import theme from "@/utils/theme"let {setDark} = dark()let {setTheme} = theme()let {themeList} = color()//设置-菜单默认关闭let drawer = ref(false);//设置-菜单关闭事件const handleClose = () => { drawer.value = false};// 设置-显示模式默认值const isDark = ref(false)// 设置-切换是否设置暗黑模式const setDarkMode = () => { console.log("菜单栏执行切换事件", isDark.value) setDark(isDark.value)}// 设置-默认主题色const colorValue = ref('')// 设置-切换主题色事件const colorChoose = (value) => { colorValue.value = value console.log(colorValue.value) setTheme(colorValue.value)}</script><style scoped lang="scss"></style>
7. 跟随系统设置暗黑主题
使用 matchMedia 方法可以直接获取浏览器当前是否使用深色模式
- App.vue
<template> <div class="router-view"> <router-view v-slot="{ Component }"> <component :is="Component"/> </router-view> </div></template><script setup>import {onMounted} from "vue";import dark from "@/utils/dark";let {setDark} = dark()const locale = zhCnonMounted(() => { const is_dark = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches setDark(is_dark)})</script><style lang="scss">.router-view { color: var(--el-text-color-primary); background-color: var(--el-background-color-base); transition: background 1s, color 0.6s; width: 100%; height: max-content; min-height: 100vh; position: absolute; top: 0; bottom: 0; margin: 0 auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; animation-timing-function: linear;}</style>
三、效果演示
1. 设置暗黑模式与主题色菜单
2. 开启暗黑模式
3. 切换主题色(深色绿)
4. 切换主题色(浅色紫)
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